Application Details

Last published on: 7 October 2026 at 15:34 UTC

Application Type: New gTLD

Primary String: gemini

TLD Types: Brand

Application ID: CRRI2564-T88445

Application Priority Number: --

Application Status: Active

Processing Stage: Pre-Evaluation Processing

Comment Period: --

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Summary Responses Clarifying Questions Change Requests Documents Objections

Application Responses

Section: Applying Entity Information

This question set collects information regarding the legal entity that would enter into a Registry Agreement with ICANN upon successful completion of all relevant application processes. The information collected is intended to be used for background screening.

AGB Q1. Full Legal Name

Provide the full legal name of the applying entity as it appears on the official registration documents. Do not use abbreviations.

Charleston Road Registry Inc.

AGB Q2. Doing Business As

Provide the name under which the applying entity is doing business, if different from the full legal name answered in Question 1. Such a name must be registered with appropriate local jurisdiction or public authority.

Google Registry

AGB Q3. Legal Entity Form/Business Structure

Provide the long form (no acronyms) of the legal entity form/business structure of the applying entity as it appears on the official registration documents. If the original script of the legal entity form/business structure is not English, ONLY provide its official English translation. No additional information should be provided as this will be used for the automatic population of the Registry Agreement.

Corporation

AGB Q4. Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction indicates the location in which the business of the applying entity is registered for legal and financial purposes. This is either 1) a country name, or a 2) state/territory name, depending on where the applying entity is registered. No additional information should be provided as this will be used for the automatic population of the Base Registry Agreement. Examples include "Delaware", "Germany", etc.

Delaware

AGB Q10. Website URL

Provide the website URL of the applying entity, if available.

https://registry.google

AGB Q11. Is the applying entity an existing registry operator, ICANN accredited registrar, or an Affiliate of either?

1. Choose Yes or No. 2. Use the definition of Affiliate from the Base Registry Agreement (see https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/base-agreement).

true

AGB Q12. If "Yes", explain.

1. Specify if the applying entity is an existing registry operator, ICANN accredited registrar, and/or an Affiliate of a registry operator and/or registrar. 2. If the applying entity is an Affiliate, provide the details of such Affiliate relationship, including the name of the affiliated registry operator and/or registrar. 3. If the applying entity is an ICANN accredited registrar, specify the registrar ID number.

Applying entity is an existing registry operator

AGB Q13. Is the applying entity a back-end registry service provider (RSP), an ICANN-approved data escrow agent, an emergency back-end registry operator, a Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS) service provider, an ICANN dispute resolution service provider, a Privacy or Proxy Service Provider, or a Reseller?

Choose Yes or No.

false

AGB Q17. Phone Country Code

AGB Q18. Primary Business Phone

Provide the primary business phone number without including the country code.

650 253 0000

AGB Q19. Primary Business Email Address

Provide the primary business email address of the applying entity.

registry-application@google.com

AGB Q20. Address Line 1

Enter the street address (no PO Box).

Google Registry

AGB Q21. Address Line 2

111 8th Avenue, 5th Floor

AGB Q22. Locality

Enter the city, village, municipality, etc.

New York

AGB Q23. State/Province/Region

Enter the state, province, department, territory, prefecture, oblast, etc., if applicable.

New York

AGB Q24. Postal Code

1. Enter the postal code, if applicable. 2. If a postal code does not exist, type “Not Applicable”.

10011

AGB Q25. Country Code of Location

AGB Q26. Full Legal Name

If applicable, provide the full legal name as it appears on the official registration documents of the Direct Parent Company of the applying entity. Do not use abbreviations.

Google LLC

AGB Q27. Doing Business As

Provide the name under which the Direct Parent Company is doing business, if different from the full legal name answered in Question 26. Such a name must be registered with appropriate local jurisdiction or public authority.

Google

AGB Q28. Legal Entity Form/Business Structure

Provide the long form (no acronyms) of the legal entity form/business structure of the Direct Parent Company as it appears on the official registration documents. If the original script of the legal entity form/business structure is not English, ONLY provide its official English translation.

Limited Liability Corporation

AGB Q29. Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction indicates the location in which the business of the Direct Parent Company is registered for legal and financial purposes. This is either 1) a country name, or a 2) state/territory name, depending on where the Direct Parent Company is registered. Examples include "Delaware", "Germany", etc.

Delaware

AGB Q36. Full Legal Name

If applicable, provide the full legal name as it appears on the official registration documents of the Ultimate Parent Company of the applying entity. Do not use abbreviations. "Ultimate Parent Company" means, with respect to an Applicant (and, if applicable, a Direct Parent Company), the top-level entity that directly or indirectly possesses the power to direct the management and policies of such Applicant (and, if applicable, a Direct Parent Company) through the ownership of voting securities, as a general partner, as a managing member, by contract, or otherwise. An Ultimate Parent Company is not controlled by any other entity. If there are no intermediary entities between the Applicant and the Ultimate Parent Company, the Ultimate Parent Company would be the same entity as the Direct Parent Company.

Alphabet Inc.

AGB Q37. Doing Business As

Provide the name under which the Ultimate Parent Company is doing business, if different from the full legal name answered in Question 36. Such a name must be registered with appropriate local jurisdiction or public authority.

Alphabet

AGB Q38. Legal Entity Form/Business Structure

Provide the long form (no acronyms) of the legal entity form/business structure of the Ultimate Parent Company as it appears on the official registration documents. If the original script of the legal entity form/business structure is not English, ONLY provide its official English translation.

Corporation

AGB Q39. Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction indicates the location in which the business of the Ultimate Parent Company is registered for legal and financial purposes. This is either 1) a country name, or a 2) state/territory name, depending on where the Direct Parent Company is registered. Examples include "Delaware", "Germany", etc.

Delaware

Section: Applying Entity Background and Organization

Section: Self-Certification

Section: Operational/Planning

Section: Security Policy and Planning

Section: DNS Abuse

Provide a single document for Self-Certification question AGB Q221, Q5.2-1. The document must include only the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements. Do not modify any of the Self-Certification statements. If the applicant cannot Self-Certify the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements, provide a document that explains why the applying entity cannot Self-Certify the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements.

AGB Q221. Q5.2-1 - Provide the applying entity’s self-certification document, signed by the CEO, President, CFO and/or equivalent officer of the applying entity. The self-certification document must represent and warrant: SC5.2-1.1 - The applying entity will, no later than delegation of the Top Level Domain (TLD), establish a dedicated abuse point of contact responsible for addressing matters requiring expedited attention and providing a timely response to abuse complaints concerning any name registered in the TLD. SC5.2-1.2 - The applying entity will, no later than delegation of the TLD, establish, publish, and provide to ICANN the location of a mechanism for members of the public to submit reports of abuse in accordance with the current obligations of the Base RA and any Consensus Policies. SC5.2-1.3 - The applying entity has developed proposed measures for removal of orphan glue records for names removed from the zone when provided with evidence in written form that the glue is present in connection with malicious conduct (see Specification 6). SC5.2-1.4 - The applying entity has or will have at time of delegation, established policies for handling complaints regarding abuse. Such policies are to be maintained and posted publicly so that anyone can review the policies via the Internet and any other means deemed appropriate by the applying entity. The applying entity’s policies at a minimum should contain appropriate confirmation of the receipt of the abuse report, the process of review of the report, and actions that will be taken if the applying entity confirms the report is legitimate. SC5.2-1.5 - The applying entity understands that DNS Abuse is Phishing, Malware, Botnets, Pharming and Spam (when used to deliver other forms of DNS Abuse). The applying entity understands and is prepared to contribute to the mitigation or disruption of DNS Abuse in domains in the TLD zone. SC5.2-1.6 - The applying entity’s abuse response capabilities are resourced appropriately to ensure a timely and adequate investigation and response to reports of DNS Abuse. This includes capabilities to receive and evaluate evidence of DNS Abuse in reports, and to take action to stop or disrupt the DNS Abuse. SC5.2-1.7 - The applying entity is prepared to conduct periodic scans of its zone to identify if domains are being used to perpetrate DNS Abuse, and to maintain statistical reports of the scans, the findings, and actions taken.

1. Provide a single document for Self-Certification question Q5.2-1. 2. The document must include only the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements. 3. Do not modify any of the Self-Certification statements. 4. If the applying entity cannot Self-Certify the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements, provide a document that explains why the applying entity cannot Self-Certify the SC5.2-1.1 through SC5.2-1.7 statements.

Has Documents

Section: Primary String

This question set collects basic information regarding the string that is being applied for (for example, a-label, meaning, script). If the applying entity opts to designate a replacement string, it must answer the same set of questions for the replacement string from the AGB Question Set 5 on.

AGB Q116. Applied-for Primary String (ASCII Label)

gemini

AGB Q118. What is the meaning/definition of the applied-for gTLD string?

Provide the meaning, or restatement of the string in English, that is, a description of the literal meaning of the string in the opinion of the applying entity. If there is no literal meaning in English (for example, a brand name or a proper noun without a translation) simply state "No English Translation"

The applied-for string, 'gemini', is a brand name referring to Gemini, Google's advanced multimodal artificial intelligence models, applications, and ecosystem.

AGB Q119. Script of String

If an IDN, provide the script of the string (both in English and as referenced by the RZ-LGR/ISO 15924)

Latin

AGB Q120. Phonetic Representation

Provide a representation of the string according to the International Phonetic Alphabet.

/ˈdʒɛm.ɪ.naɪ/

AGB Q121. As per Section 3(d) of Specification 11 of the Base Registry Agreement, a registry operator of a “generic string” may not impose eligibility criteria for registering names in the TLD that limit registrations exclusively to a single person or entity and/or that person’s or entity’s “Affiliates” (as defined in Section 2.9(c) of the Registry Agreement). “Generic String” means a string consisting of a word or term that denominates or describes a general class of goods, services, groups, organizations or things, as opposed to distinguishing a specific brand of goods, services, groups, organizations or things from those of others. Confirm that the applied-for string is not a “generic string” in which the applying entity intends to limit registrations exclusively to a single person or entity.

Confirm the statement using a checkbox.

true

AGB Q133. What is the mission and purpose of the applied-for gTLD?

1. Describe the mission and purpose of the applied-for gTLD, including the intended registrants and users, and the related activities that have been or will be carried out to achieve this purpose. 1a. If applying for a variant of an existing gTLD, please also describe the mission and purpose of the existing gTLD, including the intended registrants and users, and the related activities that have been or will be carried out to achieve this purpose. 2. Explain how this purpose is sustainable over time.

Mission and Purpose: Charleston Road Registry Inc. dba Google Registry (Charleston Road Registry), a company wholly owned by Google, provides registry services to the public. Google is a technology leader focused on improving how millions of users connect with information. In line with Google’s mission, we aim to make information accessible by extending the utility of the Domain Name System while enhancing the performance, security, and stability of the Internet. We aspire to create unique web spaces where users learn about products and services in a targeted manner. The primary purpose of the applied-for gTLD is to provide a dedicated, recognizable, and trusted space where Google can consolidate and innovate its Gemini multimodal generative artificial intelligence models and assistant capabilities. This applied-for gTLD provides Google ability to categorize its online locations, securely manage its brand presence, and offer a highly recognized web space to the general Internet population. Intended Registrants and Users: Charleston Road Registry intends to operate the applied-for gTLD as a closed registry and Google or its subsidiary acting as the registrant. The ultimate goal is to allow Google to comprehensively manage the domain space for its artificial intelligence offerings. Members of the general public will not be able to register domains in this applied-for gTLD. Registration will be tightly managed, and only designated internal personnel will be authorized to register domains. If multiple internal parties seek the same domain name, designated personnel will determine which registration holds higher business priority. The intended users of the applied-for gTLD are the general Internet public, AI developers, enterprise clients, and consumers who will navigate to these domains to securely access Google's generative artificial intelligence technologies and services. Related Activities: The applied-for gTLD will provide Google with the ability to customize its domain names to signal to Internet users that its websites are secure and managed directly by Google. The specialization goal of the applied-for gTLD is to extend Google’s Gemini brand to each dedicated second-level domain space. This provides a centralized mechanism for Google to link its diverse initiatives, allowing it to actively manage its brand presence and coordinate the introduction, testing, and phase-out of web spaces for generative AI services. Launching the applied-for gTLD will generate increased competition in the online marketplace by adding incremental availability to the domain pool. The applied-for gTLD provides an authoritative environment for the exclusive provision of Google’s Gemini content. The applied-for gTLD will spur further innovation by providing an accelerated platform for the seamless introduction of new offerings and a mechanism for enhanced global branding. Sustainability Over Time: Charleston Road Registry will strive to provide the highest level of user experience through operational stability, security, and performance for the applied-for gTLD. This purpose is highly sustainable over time due to Google's long-term corporate standing, continuous investment, and robust technical infrastructure. We are uniquely positioned to provide this experience given our relationship with Google; Google invests heavily in IT infrastructure and maintains operational excellence. Google runs one of the largest DNS system globally, maintains industry-leading uptime, and offers enterprise services on which governments depend. Google keeps speed, reliability and scale in mind with each new service, ensuring ongoing stability for the registry's lifetime. Google is well-financed and committed to maintaining Charleston Road Registry, ensuring operation of the TLD remains viable, relevant, and fully funded.

Section: Safeguard Identification

This question set collects information related to determining whether certain Safeguard Public Interest Commitments (Safeguard PICs) are required for the applied-for gTLD string. See Section 7.8.2.3 Safeguard PICs. Answers to these questions will inform assessment by ICANN on whether and which Safeguard PICs must be incorporated in the applicable Registry Agreement (RA) if the string proceeds to delegation. The answers themselves will not automatically make such a determination.

AGB Q164. Will people see a domain name as more trustworthy because it is registered in your TLD? Think about how people around the world will understand the TLD string(s) in the application, including literal and informal meanings in different languages and regions.

1. When answering the questions, apply criteria by considering the meaning of the requested TLD string in the following contexts: a. Literally as described in the application b. Literally in any other language in which the string is a recognized word or phrase. c. Informally in any language or regional variant, where alternative meanings exist. 2. If the proverbial “reasonable person” who understands the relevant context believes that the question should be answered ‘yes’, then the answer is yes.

AGB Q165. Is it likely that consumers will face significant risks if domain names in the TLD(s) in the application are abused? Think about how people around the world will understand the TLD string(s) in the application, including literal and informal meanings in different languages and regions.

AGB Q166. Would people generally think that this TLD will be used by entities that require strict licensing or accreditation to do business? Think about how the TLD string(s) in the application will be understood around the world, including both literal and informal meanings in different languages and regions.

AGB Q167. Would most people think that (domains in) the TLD(s) in the application are used for activities that require regular government reporting, inspections, and oversight in various countries? Think about how the TLD string(s) in the application will be understood around the world, including both literal and informal meanings in different languages and regions.

AGB Q168. Could people reasonably believe that (domains in) your TLD will cause or lead to harassment, harm, aggression, complaints, criticism, distress, or embarrassment? Think about how the TLD string(s) in the application will be understood globally, including different languages and cultures.

1. When answering the questions, apply criteria by considering the meaning of the requested TLD string in the following contexts: a. Literally as described in the application b. Literally in any other language in which the string is a recognized word or phrase. c. Informally in any language or regional variant, where alternative meanings exist. I-2. If the proverbial “reasonable person” who understands the relevant context believes that the question should be answered ‘yes’, then the answer is yes.

AGB Q169. Would most people think that the TLD is used for something usually done by governments? Think about how the TLD string(s) in the application will be understood globally, including different languages and cultures.

1. When answering the questions, apply criteria by considering the meaning of the requested TLD string in the following contexts: a. Literally as described in the application b. Literally in any other language in which the string is a recognized word or phrase. c. Informally in any language or regional variant, where alternative meanings exist. I-2. If the proverbial “reasonable person” who understands the relevant context believes that the question should be answered ‘yes’, then the answer is yes.

AGB Q170. Are you proposing to include one or more of the Safeguard Public Interest Commitments (Safeguard PICs) in the Registry Agreement (RA) voluntarily regardless of ICANN’s Safeguard Assessment outcomes?

Select Yes or No. Notes: 1. ICANN will evaluate whether an applied-for gTLD string requires one or more Safeguard Public Interest Commitments (Safeguard PICs) to be included in the Base RA). 2. In addition to the Mandatory Public Interest Commitments (PICs) that must be included in each Base RA, a subset of Base RAs must include Safeguard PICs based on ICANN’s Safeguard Assessment. See Section 7.8.2.3 Safeguard PICs. 3. Applying entities for TLDs that are not found to require Safeguard PICs can elect to add them to the applicable Base RAs voluntarily to, for example, further their business objectives, help address issues or concerns that are raised or could be raised with respect to their applications, or avoid the need for the evaluation and implementation of customized Registry Voluntary Commitment (RVC). See Section 7.8.3 Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs).

Section: Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs)

This question set collects information related to any Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs) that the applying entity is submitting. The decision to submit an RVC is typically voluntary, except for those recognized by ICANN to resolve an objection or to address GAC Consensus Advice. See Section 7.8.3 Registry Voluntary Commitments for more information.

AGB Q172. Are you proposing to include one or more Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs) in the Registry Agreement (RA) that are unique to your applied-for string?

1. Select Yes or No. 2. In addition to Safeguard Public Interest Commitments (PICs), an applying entity will be permitted to propose one or more Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs) to provide additional safeguards with regard to the registry operator’s operation of an applied-for gTLD string. See Section 7.8.3 Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs). 3. RVCs are separate from Community Registration Policies. See Section 7.8.3 Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs) and Section 7.8.4 Community Registration Policies for more information. If you are applying for a Community gTLD, please submit the Community Registration Policies by answering Questions 150-155. However, if you propose to include additional Registry Voluntary Commitments in the RA beyond the Community Registration Policies, you may answer "yes" and proceed to answer the following questions. 4. You are encouraged to consider whether there are other means, separate from including commitment(s) in the Base RA, that could be used to further your business objectives or help resolve any anticipated or actual issue(s) raised regarding the applied-for gTLD string or application. See Section 7.8.3 Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs). Notes: If you select “yes” to this question, you are required to pay the conditional Registry Commitments Evaluation fee, and commitments that are approved by ICANN will be included in Specification 11 of the applicable Base RA as specific voluntary public interest commitments as contractual obligations.

Section: Brand & Code of Conduct Exemptions

This question set collects information related to whether the applied-for gTLD string is a .Brand (see Section 7.3) or if the applying entity is seeking a Code of Conduct exemption (see Section 7.4).

AGB Q179. Are you applying for a Brand TLD?

Select Yes or No

Yes

AGB Q180. The applying entity confirms that the applied-for gTLD string meets the Brand TLD criteria as described in Section 9.3 of Specification 13. The applying entity also confirms their understanding of contractual obligation to maintain Brand TLD status and communicate changes in registration policies that could potentially disqualify the TLD as a Brand TLD.

Select Yes or No. Notes: If the applying entity selects “no,” it will be required to provide additional documentation describing which criteria is not met as well as a justification for the TLD to nonetheless qualify as a .Brand TLD.

Yes

AGB Q181. Submit Trademark Certificate

Attach an accurate and complete copy of the applicable trademark registration that forms the basis of the request for .Brand TLD qualification.

Has Documents

AGB Q183. The applying entity confirms that this applied-for string is not a “generic string” as defined in Section 3(d) of Specification 11 of the Base RA, which prohibits generic TLDs from being operated on an exclusive basis.

Confirm statement with a checkbox.

true

AGB Q184. No Specification 11 Conflicts

Explain how the applying entity intends to operate the TLD such that there would not exist any such conflict with Section 3(d) of Specification 11.

This response is submitted by Charleston Road Registry Inc. ("Registry Operator"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Google LLC, whose ultimate parent company is Alphabet Inc. Registry Operator confirms that there is no conflict with Section 3(d) of Specification 11 of the Base Registry Agreement, as the applied-for string .gemini is not a "generic string" and will be operated strictly as a closed, proprietary .Brand TLD (or under a Code of Conduct exemption) in full compliance with ICANN policies. 1. Definition of Generic String vs. Brand Trademark Section 3(d) of Specification 11 defines a "generic string" as a word or term that "denominates or describes a general class of goods, services, groups, organisations or things, as opposed to distinguishing a specific brand of goods, services, groups, organisations or things from those of others." The applied-for string .gemini does not denominate or describe a general class of goods, services, or things. Rather, it represents a highly distinctive, proprietary trademark owned by Alphabet Inc. or its affiliates, which is registered globally and recorded in the Trademark Clearinghouse (TMCH). The primary and exclusive purpose of the TLD is to distinguish Alphabet's brand, products, services, and proprietary ecosystem from those of other market actors, ensuring absolute clarity regarding source, sponsorship, and affiliation for Internet users. 2. Application of Specification 13 (.Brand TLD Status) Registry Operator has self-designated this application as a .Brand TLD under Specification 13 of the Base Registry Agreement. In accordance with the criteria set forth in Section 9.3 of Specification 13: - Registry Operator shall be the sole registrant and user of second-level domain names within the TLD. - Registry Operator shall maintain absolute, exclusive control over the DNS records associated with all domain names at any level within the .gemini namespace. - Registrations will not be made available to the general public or unaffiliated third parties. Because Specification 13 explicitly permits and formalises the exclusive operation of TLDs that are brand-specific and trademark-backed, there is zero risk of an exclusive-use conflict under Specification 11. 3. Mitigation for Potential Dictionary Meanings To the extent that .gemini may be associated with a common dictionary term in certain contexts, Registry Operator clarifies that its intended and actual operation of the TLD is strictly restricted to its brand-specific, trademarked meaning. By restricting all domain registrations exclusively to Alphabet Inc. and its affiliates, the TLD will function solely to host Alphabet's proprietary offerings, services, and technologies. The TLD will not operate as an open or generic registry for the corresponding dictionary term, thereby ensuring that third-party access to the generic namespace on the wider Internet is completely unaffected. Therefore, because the TLD is backed by a verified registered brand trademark, qualifies for .Brand TLD status, and is operated on a strictly single-registrant basis to represent the trademark owner's proprietary offerings, its exclusive operation does not constitute a "closed generic" and remains in perfect alignment with Section 3(d) of Specification 11.

Application Details

Application Responses

Section: Applying Entity Information

Section: Applying Entity Background and Organization

Section: Self-Certification

Section: Operational/Planning

Section: Security Policy and Planning

Section: DNS Abuse

Section: Primary String

Section: Safeguard Identification

Section: Registry Voluntary Commitments (RVCs)

Section: Brand & Code of Conduct Exemptions

Section: Additional Information and Supporting Materials

Section: Bona Fide Intent and Prohibited Communications